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Pictured above: one of the most iconic geopolitical photo ops of the 1980s. Deng Xiaoping in Texas wearing a 10-gallon hat at a rodeo. Who needs Dale Carnegie? Always the consummate schmoozer, (he rolled over Thatcher too on Hong Kong) Deng reeled in the hubristic West hook, line and sinker. By 2010, when Western leaders finally accepted how they had been completely bamboozled, it was too late.
Sixteen years on the streets, living and working with the people of China, Jeff
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Q&A
Dr. T.P. Wilkinson (https://seektruthfromfacts.org/drwilkinson/)
Reading about the World Bank under McNamara and his Malthusian policy made me wonder about China‘s „one child“ policy. It seems it was formulated by a guy who was educated at Yale and Columbia. It was imposed after Mao‘s death. It may be safe to say this -as well as the Dengist policy of eliminating the peasantry as a class- was the real reason for the policy. The anti-socialist, technocratic faction that would lead the repudiation of Mao‘s policies were also interested in eliminating its political base.
Jeff
Yeah, the one child policy under Deng is a really interesting question. Of course, for 110 years China’s population only grew from 400,000,000 to 500,000,000, because China was being raped and plundered by the West, with 25% of the population involved in Western-foisted heroin, morphine and opium. Thus, China was a drugged-up colonial disaster. Then, from the time Mao and company liberated China in 1949 until he died in 1976, the population doubled to 1,000,000,000!
How? Because in only two years, Baba Beijing got rid of all drugs, prostitution, loan sharking, gambling, crime, you name it, they cleaned the country up. Plus, nutrition, barefoot doctors, infrastructure and the Iron Rice Bowl increased the average lifespan from 35 years of age to 65 years of age in just 27 years. It is unbelievable.
Anyway, it is possible that Deng wanted to wipe out the rurals, but China needed the rurals (and still do) to feed the people. Therefore, I think that it is maybe a little bit nefarious to look at it that way.
More probably, he saw what happened in 25 years, and he thought, oh my god, if we don’t do something, we’re going to have 2,000,000,000 people in another 25 years! He visited George Herbert Walker Bush, who introduced him to many bad actors, while making him famous, with his tour in the United States. Deng was the darling of Wall Street and the Chicago Board of Trade. Everybody loved him, because being a consummate actor like all good leaders are, he told them exactly what they wanted to hear: “We’ll spread our capitalist legs for you if you come and invest in our country”. It was a sucker punch, and it worked.
While in the US, he could have been under the influence of so many people he met, at the UN, World Health Organization, World Bank, GATT, Congressmen, etc. He was surrounded by a lot of Western psychopaths and even great judges of people, which all great leaders are, can get wooed and flattered at the wrong time. Deng may have been smitten with their ideas and thought population control was necessary.
Mao would have never approved of it. He fully appreciated the value of citizens as revolutionary human assets. The one-child policy started in 1980 and reached its peak in the rural areas in 1984, with a huge amount of resistance among the farmers. There was such a massive backlash in the countryside. It was ferocious. There was a lot of cheating and undercounting, children not being registered. Basically, it didn’t really work among the peasants. They said, “Fuck you, Beijing”, and Baba had no choice but to back off, to prevent a popular uprising. Starting in 1984, they mostly did what they wanted to do.
That also goes for the minorities. The 55 minority groups were never expected to limit their families. They get away with bloody murder. Like all typical socialist countries, minorities rule their terrain, as long as they don’t threaten the central government.
Nonetheless, it did stick in the metropolitan areas. They kept the policy in the cities. However, slowly after ‘84, ‘85, ’86, by the time we moved there in 1990, even in the cities, people were having a second child, by paying fines like 10,000 yuan, about US$1,200. As personal wealth increased, these fines became less onerous over time, even as they increased their amounts.
In any case, most metropolitans did respect it, especially Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chongqing, the big cities. All government employees and the PLA were kept in line. Nevertheless, it became less and less enforced in 2nd tier cities, 3rd tier cities, and 4th tier cities.
Those Western-much-ballyhooed 30 million rural infant girls who supposedly had their heads bashed on boulders? They were simply never registered at birth! That has all been resolved now. They are on the books.
That’s my take on it. True, Deng was very suspicious of the rurals, but needed them to put rice and meat on the metro-tables. Even if he wanted to, he could not wipe them out. As a hedge, starting in the 1980s, Beijing did use labor camps and much expanded capital punishment in rural areas to discipline/eliminate the rebellious. Those camps were abolished in 2013, when Xi became president.
By the way, the feeling is mutual. The rurals still can’t stand Deng!
Thomas
Mobo argues differently. He also points to Ma Yinchu (a Yalie) whom Mao seriously criticized.
The points to be made are that Mao saw modernization of agriculture and the support of the peasantry as a mainstay for improving rural life, one goal of the revolution. Deng saw nationalism and wealth to restore China (China‘s rulers) to world status as more important for China‘s development. That does not mean that everything that happened in China under Deng was his personal fault, he too belonged to a class.
Recall that the urban-rural divide in China is also ideological as Mao recognized. In any case it is a fact that to overcome Maoism one had to neutralize the political potential of the rural masses and free them to serve as industrial migrant labor. Importing food is one way to do that.
Hudson goes into some detail about food exim as a political factor in the international system. Corollary to the US food wars was to insist on birth control efforts to reduce food demand instead of improving local agriculture to meet it. That would be the kind of economics Ma would have learned at Yale and Columbia.
Both Mobo and Dongping agree that the household responsibility policy introduced under Deng led to a substantial disruption of agro-modernization in no small part because only cooperative/ collective farms could apply the needed methods and resources efficiently. Moreover by reprivatizing the economic base for rural infrastructure was undermined. One could argue that since China’s greatest natural resource was its rural population, the transport infrastructure was enlarged to extract people and bring them to the new treaty ports to be deployed as a super-cheap workforce.* By breaking these the conditions for a „free labor“ supply were enhanced.
In essence much of Dengism ought to be called „neo-liberalism with Chinese characteristics“ as China also became part of the US debt-driven financial empire. The amount of US debt held by China and its food imports may be recently less of an impediment in its dealings with the US since Xi assumed office. However at the time when this policy was introduced- and that was my question- the nationalist capitalist faction in the CPC (Communist Party of China) clearly held sway and drew substantial elements of policy expertise from US-trained cadre. The Western economic model has been Malthusian since it Britain ruled the waves.
Covid, transgenderism and climate hysteria are more expressions of the persistence of this insidious ideology. The massive human displacements, focus on patented laboratory generated proteins, effective theft of arable land by corporations from Ukraine to Utah, are expressions of a continuous- because it is cultural and not simply economic- pattern of ruling class behavior.
*One of the aspects of China‘s high speed rail network that struck me is that these are largely commuter trains moving workers from less industrialized areas to the heavily industrialized South and back on the weekend.
There is a level at which I see no point in applying morality. All men are mortal. It is the conditions under which they live that are relevant. Moreover social transformation is not linear. Just as the West has been converting back to feudalism under the AAIE (Anglo-American Israeli Elites) since 1948, there are attempts to retain semblance of other social models.
None of this would interest me if I were a compulsive technological modernist like so many people have been taught to be. I have never been particularly interested in what counts as „progress“ since the net impact has very often been accelerating wealth extraction from the majority.
However I take ruling class ideology and propaganda seriously. The images of sparsely populated urban and rural landscapes maintained in palatial elegance for the well-dressed and fed require the evacuation of useless eaters. So the career challenge of every youth is to justify his or her utility. AI and factory fodder will restore the majority to their deserved place as beasts of burden- or soylent green.
Jeff
Mobo Gao grew up dirt poor, in one of the most isolated areas of China (still remote to this day), Jiangxi Province. He was born in 1954, I believe, so he was a young child during the Great Leap Forward, and middle/high schooler during the Cultural Revolution. Like our fellow China Writer Dongping Han, who was dirt poor in rural Shandong, we can take to the “knowledge bank” what they say. They lived it. They continue to heavily influence my writing about the Mao Era (https://chinarising.puntopress.com/search/?q=mobo and https://chinarising.puntopress.com/search/?q=dongping).
Mao twice jailed Deng after liberation and along with Liu Shaoqi (who was deposed, imprisoned and disgraced), these latter two worked behind the scenes to frustrate the people’s revolution. The counterrevolutionaries pushed and pushed until June 1989, when China’s (CIA) Gorbachev, (CIA) Zhao Ziyang got that close to turning the country into a continental-sized Indonesia or Democratic Republic of Congo. Ironically, it was Deng who called in the troops to Tiananmen Square and didn’t let it happen. We can assume he did not want to betray the people’s revolution in the end. Maybe the ghost of Mao was looking over his shoulder.
As university professors (Australia and USA, respectively) both Mobo and Dongping continue to travel to their rural hometown regions to do sociological field work.To this day, they report that Mao is lionized in the countryside and at best, the vast majority of rurals take a very jaundiced view of Deng.
Thomas
I think the CCP has successfully obscured the fact that Dengism was consistent with the attitudes of many anti-communist nationalists of his generation. The desire for national independence and power against colonial and semi-colonial rule led to communist-bourgeoisie alliances everywhere. Sukarno is probably the best example.
These people all had elite modernization ideologies that were actually opposed to any mass line. Europe’s socialists shared this ideology of hostility toward the masses. The industrial proletariat was appreciated as an army but not as a citizenry. Peasants were disregarded as a necessary evil.
History turned Mao into a revolutionary of a unique kind. A similar process occurred with Castro, although I see Mao as the greater talent.
Mao was right about Hungary. To this day the degree of US covert liability for Hungary, Prague and Berlin is denied or merely whispered. The preparatory infiltration of the CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) is ignored because it opens the door to current suspicions.
The US has mass media culture and the powerful cadre schools to which all others aspire membership. Economic doctrine is catholic even when practiced by Chinese or Russian Harvard Business School graduates…
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JEFF J. BROWN, Editor, China Rising, and Senior Editor & China Correspondent, Dispatch from Beijing, The Greanville Post
Jeff J. Brown is a geopolitical analyst, journalist, lecturer and the author of The China Trilogy. It consists of 44 Days Backpacking in China – The Middle Kingdom in the 21st Century, with the United States, Europe and the Fate of the World in Its Looking Glass (2013); Punto Press released China Rising – Capitalist Roads, Socialist Destinations (2016); and BIG Red Book on China (2020). As well, he published a textbook, Doctor WriteRead’s Treasure Trove to Great English (2015). Jeff is a Senior Editor & China Correspondent for The Greanville Post, where he keeps a column, Dispatch from Beijing and is a Global Opinion Leader at 21st Century. He also writes a column for The Saker, called the Moscow-Beijing Express. Jeff writes, interviews and podcasts on his own program, China Rising Radio Sinoland, which is also available on YouTube, Stitcher Radio, iTunes, Ivoox and RUvid. Guests have included Ramsey Clark, James Bradley, Moti Nissani, Godfree Roberts, Hiroyuki Hamada, The Saker and many others. [/su_spoiler]
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